Art: Digital Photography

Introduction to photography :-

What is photography?

The art or practice of taking and processing photographs.

Photography has many uses for business, science, manufacturing (e.g. photo lithography), art, recreational purposes, and mass communication.

History of Photography :-

The word "photography" was created from the Greek roots ."(light and graphe) representation by means of lines" or "drawing",together meaning drawing with light.

A Short History of Photographic Camera :-

(source http://laughingsquid.com/a-short-history-of-photographic-camera-the-evolution-of-the-camera-distilled-into-a-single-infographic/)

Evolution of the camera :-

19th century studio camera standing on tripod and using plates.

(Source http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photography)

Box camera, one of the first mass-produced pocket cameras using film, c. 1900

(Source http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photography)

Compact Kodak folding camera from 1922

(Source http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photography)

Leica-II, one of the first 135 film cameras, 1932

(Source http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photography)

Contax S of 1949 – the first pentaprism SLR

(Source http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photography)

Polaroid Colorpack 80 instant camera, c 1975

(Source http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photography)

Digital camera, Canon Ixus class, c. 2000.

(Source http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photography)

Nikon D1, the first digital SLR used in journalism and sports photography, c. 2000

(Source http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photography)

Smartphone with built-in camera spreads private images globally, c. 2010

(Source http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photography)

Introduction first time for photography

Every one have their first time on everything same as we learn a new camera and try to capture on film or digital media what you saw with your eye. Let me assure you, it does not have to be a traumatic experience. The following information will guide you through that first "baby photographer".

Composition

"something that is created by arranging several things to form a unified whole". That is exactly what it is. The composition of your photograph is the combination of elements coming together to create the whole image.

Subject

Firstly you must need to have a subject is what you want the viewer to see first when they look at your image. It can be anything and also it can be small or large for example your choose subject as a animals "cats"

Example

(source http://www.hauspanther.com/2012/12/30/cat-photography-q-a-with-barb-delve/)

Rule of Thirds or Golden Ratio

Example

(Source http://photoinf.com/Golden_Mean/Eugene_Ilchenko/GoldenSection.html)

Golden Triangle

Another rule is the "Golden Triangles". It's more convenient for photos with diagonal lines. There are three triangles with corresponding shapes. Just roughly place three subjects with approximate equal sizes in these triangles and this rule will be kept.

Example 1

(Source http://photoinf.com/Golden_Mean/Eugene_Ilchenko/GoldenSection.html)
Example 2

(Source http://photoinf.com/Golden_Mean/Eugene_Ilchenko/GoldenSection.html)

Golden Spiral or Golden Rectangle

And one more rule is a "Golden Spiral" or "Golden Rectangle" (you'll see why it's a rectangle in the tools section). There should be something, leading the eye to the center of the composition. It could be a line or several subjects. This "something" could just be there without leading the eyes, but it will fulfill its purpose anyway.

(Source http://photoinf.com/Golden_Mean/Eugene_Ilchenko/GoldenSection.html)

Background and Foreground

Example 1

(source http://www.reeftology.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/DOF.jpg)

Example 2

(source http://explorationinart.blogspot.com/2011/03/g1-exploring-foreground-middleground.html)

Example 3

(source http://computing.scbc.wa.edu.au/designphotography1a/content/01_exploring_photo/page_10.htm)

Focus

Example 1

(source http://www.picturecorrect.com/tips/emphasize-main-subjects-in-photos/)

Example 2

(source http://oneslidephotography.com/snap/front-focus-lens-test/)

Lightning

Example

(source https://s3.amazonaws.com/s3.fstoppers.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/8-IMG_3166-BA-DPR-web.jpg)

Color

Example

(source http://www.bitrebels.com/design/the-beauty-of-selective-color-photography-10-pics/)

Motion
More on Shuttle Speed background blur.

Example

(source http://www.camera.co.uk/digital-photography-tip-how-to-create-motion-blur-10395)

Basic Setting for DSLR Camera :-

Aperture

(source http://www.mir.com.my/rb/photography/fototech/apershutter/aperture.htm)

Tips:-

Small f-stop = larger opening = more light entering camera
Large f-stop = smaller opening = less light entering camera
When playing with the aperture settings on your DSLR, you’ll probably see lots of other numbers below, above and between but the 7 we've mentioned are really the ones you want to concentrate on. Why? Because with each stop you move, you are changing the amount of light entering the camera by the same amount, doubling or halving depending on the direction. For example:
By moving from f2.8 to f4, you are decreasing the light entering the camera by one stop or halving the exposure.
By moving from f8 to f5.6, you are increasing the light entering the camera by one stop or doubling the exposure.

How Aperture Affects Depth of Field

Depth of field is defined as "the zone of acceptable sharpness in front of and behind the subject on which the lens is focused." Simply put: how sharp or blurry is the area behind your subject. Here's the equation:

The lower the f/stop—the larger the opening in the lens—the less depth of field—the blurrier the background.

The higher the f/stop—the smaller the opening in the lens—the greater the depth of field—the sharper the background.

Example

(source http://www.nikonusa.com/en/Learn-And-Explore/Article/g3cu6o1r/understanding-maximum-aperture.html)

Shutter Speed

In photography and digital photography the shutter speed is the unit of measurement which determines how long shutter remains open as the picture is taken. The slower the SHUTTER speed, the longer the exposure time. The SHUTTER speed and aperture together control the total amount of light reaching the sensor. SHUTTER speeds are expressed in seconds or fractions of a second.

For example 2, 1, 1/2, 1/4, 1/8, 1/15, 1/30, 1/60, 1/125, 1/250, 1/500, 1/1000, 1/2000, 1/4000, 1/8000. Each speed increment halves the amount of light.

(1/15,1/30,1/60) = usually for no movement for example trees or suitable for landscape.

(1/125,1/250,1/500,1/5000) = usually movement for example people running. Mostly used in taking a photo or some events for example Olympics.

ISO Sensitivity

By Choose ISO sensitivity.

Choosing higher values allows faster shutter to be used to achieve optimal exposure with a given subject at a given aperture, making higher values suited to taking pictures of moving subjects or shooting under low light.

To recap:

(100,200,400,)

A lower ISO will produce a higher quality image but requires more light to expose a picture.

(800,1600,3200,15000)

A higher ISO will produce a lower quality image but requires less light to expose a picture.

Task 1 (Group)
Aperture

Aperture F5.6, Shutter Speed 1/15, ISO 400

Aperture F16, Shutter Speed 1/15, ISO 400

Shuttle Speed

Shutter Speed 1/15, ISO 400, Aperture F16

Shutter Speed 1/15, ISO 400, Aperture F16

Shutter Speed 500, ISO 400, Aperture F16

ISO

ISO 100, Shuttle Speed 1/15, Aperture F16

ISO 1600, Shuttle Speed 1/15, Aperture F16

Task 2 ( Shallow and Great Depth of Field)
Shallow Depth of Field

Great Depth of Field

Task 3 (Photo/Model of Cover Magazines)

Task 4 (Cover Magazine's)

Photo gram (Dark Room)
Darkroom required us to doing the process while in the dark we can't see anything.
3 Important things need to know while doing the process in darkroom which is 3 chemical which is Film development for film and for paper is Paper development -> Stop bar -> Rapid Fixer.
each of the chemical have time limit to wash the film or paper.

Film or Paper development = 5 minutes or more depend on the flim more bigger more longer.

Stop bar = 2 minutes or more depend on the film or paper.

Rapid Fixer = 5 minutes or more depend on the film or paper.

lastly wash if using clean water and we can get the photo gram as below

Task 5 (Photo manipulation)

Art

Drawing I

Digital Photography

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